Anisihluzo somoyalicandelo elingundoqo eliyimfuneko kulondolozo lwesiqhelo lwesithuthi. Inokubonakala ilula kulwakhiwo, kodwa eneneni ibandakanya ulwazi oluninzi lobugcisa. Iimarike zanamhlanje zezixhobo zemoto zizaliswe luluhlu olubanzi lweempawu zokucoca umoya, kodwa imigangatho yobugcisa kunye nomgangatho weempawu ezahlukeneyo ziyahluka kakhulu-ezinye zihlangabezana nemigangatho ephezulu yoshishino, ngelixa abanye bengenako ukwanelisa iimfuno ezisisiseko.
Ufuna ukukhetha umgangatho ophezulu ngokweneneisihluzo somoya? Imiba emi-6 engundoqo engezantsi iya kukunceda ukuba uphephe iimveliso ezikumgangatho ophantsi kwaye ukhethe eyona ilungileyo kwimoto yakho.
Umsebenzi ongundoqo weisihluzo somoyakukubambisa amasuntswana ahlukeneyo emoyeni, ukuthintela obu kungcola ukuba buwohloke amalungu enjini angaphakathi. Kungenxa yoko le nto ubuninzi beendaba zokucoca bumisela ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza kokucoca umoya. Kuphela kuxa isihluzi seendaba siphumeza ukusulungekiswa okuphezulu onokuthi uqinisekise ukuba injini iqhuba kakuhle kwaye ngaphandle kokusilela ngamaxesha onke.
Imithombo yokucoca ekumgangatho ophezulu (idla ngokuba liphepha elidityanisiweyo elinoxinano oluphezulu) inokubamba ngaphezulu kwe-99% yamasuntswana obungakanani bemicron, afana ne-PM2.5 eqhelekileyo kunye nothuli olucolekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, iintsinga zemithombo yeendaba zokucoca ezikumgangatho ophantsi zinqabile kakhulu-unokubona izikhewu ngokuthe ngqo. Ukungcola kunokudlula ngokulula kwimidiya yokucoca kwaye kungene enjini, kubangela umonakalo omkhulu kwi-injini ekuhambeni kwexesha.
Njengeisihluzo somoyaisetyenziswa ekuhambeni kwexesha, izikhewu zayo zangaphakathi ziya kuthi kancinane zivaleke bubumdaka obuphuma emoyeni, nto leyo ekhokelela ekunciphiseni ukuhamba komoya. Xa oku kusenzeka, kuya kufuneka ubuyisele entsha. Kodwa nantsi ingcebiso eluncedo: ukuba izihluzi zomoya ezimbini zisebenza ngokufanelekileyo, lowo unothuli oluphezulu obambe umthamo (oko kukuthi, inani elipheleleyo lothuli olunokugcinwa kwimidiya) liya kuba nobomi obude benkonzo. Oku akunciphisi kuphela ukuphindaphindeka kokutshintshwa kodwa kwakhona kunciphisa iindleko zokugcinwa kwexesha elide kakhulu.
Umzekelo, umgangatho ophezuluisihluzo somoyangothuli olulungileyo olunomthamo ongasebenza ngokufanelekileyo ngaphezu kweekhilomitha ezingama-5,000. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ekumgangatho ophantsi ophethe uthuli olungenamandla angafuna ukutshintshwa emva kweekhilomitha ezingama-3,000 kuphela-ezimbini ziyinkathazo kwaye zineendleko.
Ngaphaya kwemidiya yokucoca, ukutywina ukusebenza nako kubalulekile kwisiphumo sokuhluza iisihluzo somoya—ingongoma abantu abaninzi abangayijongi ngokulula. Ukutywinwa okulungileyo ikakhulu kuxhomekeke kwimiba emibini:
• Okokuqala, imilo yesihluzo kufuneka ilingane nendlu yokucoca “ngokugqibeleleyo,” kungekho zithuba okanye ukuxenga;
Okwesibini, izinto zogwebu ezijikeleze isihluzo kufuneka zibe ne-elasticity eyaneleyo. Nangona xa ubonakaliswe kwindawo yokushisa ephezulu ye-injini (ubushushu bunokufikelela kwi-80-120 ° C) ixesha elide, akufanele likhubaze, liguge, okanye lilahlekelwe ngumsebenzi walo wokutywinwa.
Ukuba umsebenzi wokutywina ulambatha, umoya ongahluzwanga uya kugqitha kwimidiya yokucoca kwaye ungene ngqo kwi-injini. Kule meko, iisihluzo somoyaalunamsebenzi kwaye aluyi kubonelela naluphi na ukhuseleko konke konke.
Xa i-injini isebenza, inkqubo yokungenisa umoya yenza impembelelo eqhubekayo yokuhamba komoya. Le mpembelelo iba namandla ngakumbi ngexesha lokuhamba ngokukhawuleza okanye ukuqhuba ngesantya esiphezulu. Ezininzi ezikumgangatho ophantsiizihluzi zomoyabayasilela ngenxa yokuba amandla abo okwakhiwa akonelanga-imithombo yeendaba yokucoca ikrazulwa kukuhamba komoya, kwaye amaqhekeza afunxelwa kwi-injini, ekugqibeleni abangele ukungasebenzi kakuhle. Olu hlobo lwemeko eneneni luxhaphakile kwiivenkile zokulungisa.
Umgangatho ophezuluizihluzi zomoyaimbonakalo yoyilo lwesakhiwo esomeleziweyo: umzekelo, isihluzo seendaba sigxininiswe ngeglu ephezulu yokuthintela ukuba ingawi; isakhelo senziwe ngeplastiki enganyangekiyo kwimpembelelo (hayi uhlobo olusezantsi oluphuka lula); ezinye iimveliso zide zongeze umnatha wenkxaso ngasemva kwesihluzi seendaba ukuqhubela phambili ukomelela, ubenze babe nako ukumelana nefuthe lokuhamba komoya.
Nangona kunqabile, kukho iimeko ezinobungozi ngokwenene-ezifana nokutshisa kwe-injini okanye ukutshisa okuphindaphindiweyo-aphoisihluzo somoyainokuba sesichengeni sobushushu obuphezulu okanye namadangatye avulekileyo. Ukuba isihluzi somoya asinayo ipropathi ebambezela amadangatye, sinokubamba umlilo ngokulula, sinyuse umngcipheko wokutsha kwesithuthi esineziphumo ezibi.
Ukuphepha iingozi ezinjalo, umgangatho ophezuluizihluzi zomoyazonke ziphathwa ngamanyathelo okutshatyalaliswa komlilo: i-flame retardants yongezwa kwi-media media, ngoko ayiyi kuhlala ivutha nangona idibene neentlantsi; isakhelo senziwe ngeplastiki ye-flame-retardant, engayi kunyibilika okanye ibambe umlilo phantsi kokushisa okuphezulu. Xa uthenga, unokuhlawula ingqalelo eyongezelelweyo ukuba ngaba imveliso ineleyibhile "yesitifiketi somlilo"-iimveliso ezinesatifikethi zithembeke ngakumbi.
Uninzi lwezihluzi zomoya zenziwe ngephepha, elifunxa ngokwendalo. Ukuba isetyenziswe ixesha elide kwiindawo ezinemvula okanye ezifumileyo, isihluzo esingangeni manzi sinokungunda lula kwaye sibole. Oku akonakali nje kuphela isihluzo seendaba kunye nokunciphisa ukusebenza kakuhle kokucoca kodwa kubangela ukuba imidiya yokucoca ijiye ngenxa yokufunxa kwamanzi. Ngenxa yoko, ukuchasana kokungena komoya kuyanda, okukhokelela ekunciphiseni amandla e-injini kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamafutha aphezulu-ngokuqinisekileyo akufanelekanga.
Izihlungi zomoya ezikumgangatho ophezulu zithatha amanyathelo akhethekileyo okumelana namanzi: umzekelo, i-hydrophobic coating yongezwa kumphezulu we-media media, ngoko ke amaconsi amanzi aya kudibanisa kunye ne-slide off endaweni yokuba athathwe yi-media media; ezinye iimveliso zide zibe nesigqubuthelo esingenamanzi esifakwe ngaphandle kwesihluzo sokukhusela kabini. Nantsi indlela yokuvavanya elula: ukulahla amanzi amancinci kwi-media media-imveliso ephezulu ayiyi kubamba amanzi.
Izinto ezi-6 eziphambili apha ngasentla zigubungela zonke iingongoma ezibalulekileyo zokukhetha isihluzo somoya esithembekileyo. Ngexesha elizayo xa uthenga isihluzo somoya, vavanya imveliso ngokuchasene nale migangatho, kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo awuyi kukhetha okungalunganga. Khumbula: isihluzo somoya esikumgangatho ophezulu asibizi mali ingako, kodwa sinokukhusela injini yakho kumonakalo onexabiso eliphezulu. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, iya kukugcinela iindleko ezininzi zokulungisa.